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Abstract
Rishi Bharadwaja was the forerunner amongst all the rishis of ancient times who brought knowledge of
Ayurveda from heaven to the earth. Among the august gathering of all the sages under mountain
Himalaya, sage Bhardwaja was chosen as leader for this purpose after lot of deliberations. Rishi
Bhardwaja’s intelligence, memory, presence of mind, reasoning power must have offered him this
leadership. Hence, it becomes essential to know about rishi Bhardwaja and his contribution to the field of
Ayurveda. The present study aims to explore the family details of sage Bhardwaja and his contribution to
Ayurveda. After taking proper knowledge of Ayurveda from the God king Indra, sage Bhardwaja
disseminated this knowledge among many rishis. As per Harivansh Purana, sage Bhardwaja taught
surgical knowledge to Kashi king Divodasa and medicinal knowledge to Atreya Punarwasu. Kashi king
Divodasa later taught surgical knowledge to his eight disciples. Whereas Atreya Punarwasu gave this
knowledge to his famous five disciples. This literary retrospective research study showed that sage
Bhardwaja was the pioneer of medical practices on earth.
Keywords : Bhardwaja, Brihaspati, Indra, Punarwasu, Divodasa
Corresponding author: Dr.Subhash Waghe
Article Info: Published on : 15/10/2024
P
Publisher
ROGANIDAN VIKRUTIVIGYAN PG ASSOCIATION
FOR PATHOLOGY AND RADIODIGNOSIS
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
An Exploration to Ayurvedic Acharya Bhardwaja and His Contribution
to The Field of Ayurveda
Prof. Dr. Subhash Waghe
1
, Dr. Hemant Sureshkumar Sharma
2
1
Professor, Dept. of Rog Nidan, Sardar Patel Ayurvedic Medical College, Dongariya, Balaghat – 481 321 .
2
Assistant Professor – Bharat Ayurved College, Roorki Road, Mujjafarnagar – 251 001
Cite this article as: - Dr.Subhash Waghe (2024) : An Exploration to Ayurvedic Acharya Bhardwaja and His Contribution
to The Field of Ayurveda; Inter.J.Dignostics and Research 2 (1) 1-9, DOI: 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 3 9 3 6 5 0 4
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2
Introduction:
Rishi Bhardwaja was chosen as leader in the august
gathering of sages to bring the knowledge of Ayurveda
from heaven to the earth. The present study aims to
explore the family details of sage Bhardwaja and his
contribution to Ayurveda. Sage Bhardwaja was the
biological son of God’s teacher Brihaspati. He was the
adopted son of famous king Bharata. He inherited
qualities like sharp intelligence and memory from his
biological father Brihaspati whereas he acquired military
qualities from his guardian father Bharata. After taking
proper knowledge of Ayurveda from the God king Indra,
sage Bhardwaja disseminated this knowledge among
many rishis. As per Harivansh Purana, sage Bhardwaja
taught surgical knowledge to Kashi king Divodasa. He
also gave medicinal knowledge to Atreya Punarwasu and
other rishis. Bhardwaja is also credited with creation of
Dhanur Veda (Archery science) as per Mahabharata. Sage
Bhardwaja had taught archery to Ayurvedic acharya
Agnivesha.
Material & Method :
Literary method of research was adopted in present study.
For this purpose, retrospective study of Ayurvedic texts
like Charak Samita and Puran texts such as Shreemad
Bhagwat Mahapuran, Harivansh Puran, Linga Puran,
Vayu Puran, Vishnu Puran etc was done.
Review Of Literature :
Rishi Bharadwaja was the biological son of devaguru
Brihaspati. But this dwij putra (Bramhin son) was brought
up by the Kinga Bharata. He was handed over to king
‘Bharata’ by Marudganas as King Bharata failed to get a
desired progeny. King Bharata crowned the Bhardwaja as
King and went to forest to observe the austerity.
[1] [2]
Rudrashva was born in the lineage of king Puru
who was the youngest son of famous king Yayayti.
Rudrashva had 10 sons from Ghritachi Apsara.
They were – 1. Riveyu, 2. Kruteyu, 3. Kaksheyu, 4.
Sthandileyu, 5. Ghruteyu, 6. Jaleyu, 7. Sthaleyu 8.
Dharmeyu, 9. Santeyu, 10. Vaneyu.
[3] [4]
Raudrashva’s eldest son was ‘Riveyu’. This
Riveyu married to the daughter named ‘Jwalana’ of
Nagraj Takshaka. They had a son called ‘’Ranti’
from this union. Ranti’s son was Trasu. And
Trasu’s one of the sons was Dushyanta who later
became the king. This king Dushyanta later married
to the daughter of Rishi Vishwamitra called
‘Shakuntala’. From this marriage they had a
famous son called ‘Bharata’. Bharata was a
glorified and idealistic king. Since his 3 wives
failed to give birth to the eligible son for the throne,
he adopted the son of Brihaspati, the Bharadwaja
for the throne.
[5]
Birth of Bharadwaja
Bharadwaja was the son of devaguru Brihaspati. It
is an interesting story to know as to how he became
the adopted son of King Bharata and why he got
the name Bhardwaja.
It is already stated Brihaspati’s brother was sage
Ashija. When Ashija’s wife Mamta became
pregnant, sage Ashija went to observe austerity.
Taking benefit of this opportunity, Teacher of Gods
(Devaguru) Brihaspati approached already
pregnant Mamata for sexual gratification. Mamata
tried to dissuade him from this Adharma by saying
that it will be sinful to perform sex in such
condition when he foetus inside had completed the
maturity. And your semen will also bear fruit
instantly. But derived by the strong urge of sex,
Brihaspati ignored her advice saying that he knows
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everything and forcibly raped his brother’s wife
Mamta. The foetus inside the uterus became
uncomfortable with this forced sex and tried to
narrow the vaginal tract. Brihaspati got angry with
this and cursed the foetus inside for interrupting
him during sexual pleasure. However, the
Brihaspati’s sex with Mamata instantly resulted in
delivery of another male child. After the delivery of
this child, Mamta deserted the child and asked
Brihaspati to take care of it (Bhara = Bharan=
Bharan Poshan). Since Mamata, asked to take care
(Bhara) of this delivered child (Dwaj), the child
came to know as Bhardwaja. But Brihaspati also
deserted this child and went away. Later when the
Marudgana, saw this child in pathetic state, they
took the child with them and when they saw that
King Bharata is performing Yagya with the
intention to have child, they gave this child to him.
After adoption by king Bharata, Bharadwaja also
came to know as Vitatha. Thus, even though
Bhardwaja was Bramhin by birth but became
Kshatriya due to adoption by king Bharata.
[6] [7]
Wives And Progeny of Bharadwaja
As per Shreemad Bhagwat Purana, Bhardwaja’s
son was Manyu. Manyu had five sons viz. 1.
Brihatkshatra 2. Jaya, 3. Mahaveerya, 4. Nara and
5. Garga. Manyuputra Nara’s son was Sankruti.
This Sankruti had two sons namely 1. Guru and 2.
Rantideva. The second son Rantideva was very
noble and generous. The Manyuputra Garga’s son
was Shini and Shini’s son was Gargya. Although
Gargya was born as Kshatriya but he pioneered the
Bramhin lineage. Manyuputra Mahaveeraya’s son
was Duritkshaya. And Duritkshaya had three sons
namely 1. Trayyaruni, 2. Kavi and 3.
Pushkararuni. These all three became Bramhanas.
The Manyuputra Brihatkshatra’s son was Hasti
who laid the foundation of famous city called
‘Hasteenapur’. King Hasti had three sons namely
1. Ajameedha, 2. Dwimeedha 3. Purumeedha.
Ajameedha’s son was Riksha. And Riksha’s son
was Sanvarana, And Sanvarana’s son was Kuru.
This king Kuru built the famous city of
Kurukshetra. After his name this linage got the
famous name Kuruvansha.
[8] [9]
According to Harivansh Purana, sage Bhardwaja’s
son was Vitatha. After his coronation sage
Bharadwaja went to forest for observing the
penance.
[10]
In the forest once he saw apasara Ghrutachi
changing her cloths and sage Bhardwaja got
tempted. According to Mahabharata, Bhardwaja
had brief liaison with apsara Ghritachi. From her he
got famous son named Drona who later came to
know as Dronacharya.
[11]
Sage Bhardwaja’s friend was Panchal king
Prushada. King Prushada’s son Drupad and sage
Bhardwaja’s son Dron were also close friends.
[12]
Bhardwaja’s son Vitath had 5 sons namely – 1.
Suhotra 2. Suhota 3. Gaya, 4. Garga, 5. Kapila.
According to some texts, Bhardwaja married to
Sushila and had a son called Garga and daughter
called Devavarshini from her. According to some
other texts, Bhardwaja had two daughters named
Idavida and Katyayani who were married to sage
Vishrava and sage Yagyvalkya respectively. Idvida
got famous son called Kuber from Vishrava.
[13]
Sage Bhardwaja taught Agneyastra (missile
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technology) and Dhanurvidya (Archery) to sage
Agnivesha. Later Agnivesha taught this art to
Dronacharya.
[14]
After the death of sage Bhardwaja
at Gangadwara, his son acharya Drona started
observing penance there in the same Ashram
(home).
Bhardwaja’s Contribution To Ayurveda
As per Harivansh Purana, Kashi king Divodas
‘Dhanwantari’ got knowledge of Ayurveda from
rishi Bhardwaja. Kashiraj in turn taught this
knowledge to his 8 disciples.
[15]
Similarly, when all rishis were discussing about the
diseases that mankind was facing and its solution,
they appointed rishi Bhardwaj as their leader to
approach the lord Indra for the knowledge of
Ayurveda. Accordingly, Bhardwaja went to Indra
for learning Ayurveda. After learning the Ayurveda
from Indra, rishi Bhardwaja, disseminated that
knowledge into several rishis and Maharshis. One
among them was Atreya Punarwasu also who in
turn taught this Ayurveda to his famous 6 disciples
namely Agnivesh, Harit, Jatukarana, Bhela and
Parashara.
In this way it can be said that rishi Bhardwaja was
the pioneer of Ayurveda on earth. Thus. the
contribution of Bhardwaja to the field of Ayurveda
is enormous to the extent that entire credit of giving
knowledge of Ayurveda to the mankind can be
attributed to the rishi Bhardwaja.
[16]
Quotes of Bhardwaja In Charaka Samhita
As per Bhardwaja, Karta (Initiator of action) is
before the Karma (action). The action is always
done by the initiator. Action is not possible without
the work done. As like there are natural properties
like roughness in soil, liquidity in water, movement
in the wind, heat in the fire, in the same way the
development of diseases in the individual occurs as
per the natural course.
[17]
In Agnivesh/Charak Samhita, we find references of
Bhardwaja in Sutra Sthana and Sharir Sthana.
There are some questions raised by rishi Bhardwaja
in connection to the development of foetus. The
depth of these questions shows the intellectual
brilliance of rishi Bhardwaja.
[1] Taking objection to the Atreya’s theory, rishi
Bhardwaja said that neither mother, father, soul,
suitability, nutrition, edibles are responsible for the
evolution of foetus nor any mind enters the foetus
from outside.
[2] If it were to consider that only mother and
father are responsible for the evolution of foetus
then all the parents desirous of male or female child
would have got the progeny of their choice either
male or female. In such situation no one would
have left sterile or infertile. But this does not
happen. Hence, it cannot be said that only mother
and father are responsible for the evolution of
foetus.
[3] Atma is also not responsible for the evolution of
foetus. Atma cannot give rise to another Atma. If it
were to consider that existing (jata) or non-existing
(Ajata) Atma is responsible for the evolution of
foetus then existing soul cannot give rise to another
existing soul. The non-existing soul simply cannot
give rise to existing soul. Thus, both are not
responsible for the evolution of the foetus. Forget
this for a while and let us believe that Atma is
responsible for the evolution of foetus. In such
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condition Atma (soul) should chose the body of its
choice. Why it should go in animals etc. If Atma is
responsible then it should equip itself with more
and more properties like power, radiance, glow,
built, endurance, without illness ageless, deathless
etc. But this does not happen. Hence, Atma cannot
be considered as responsible for the evolution of
foetus.
[4] The suitable diet (Satmya anna) is also not
responsible for the evolution of foetus. If it were to
consider that suitable diet (Satmya anna) is
responsible for the evolution of foetus then all the
couples consuming suitable diet should have
progeny and those who consume unsuitable food
should not have it. But this does not happen.
Hence, suitable diet (Satmya anna) cannot be
considered as responsible for the evolution of
foetus.
[5] Only good nutrition (Rasa) is not responsible
for the evolution of foetus. If it were to consider
that only good nutrition (Rasa) is responsible for
the evolution of foetus then the persons consuming
meat soup, milk, curd, ghee honey, sugarcane
should have progeny and those who are consuming
low calory and low protein diet like millets should
not have any progeny. But this does not happen.
Hence, only good nutrition (Rasa) cannot be
considered as responsible for the evolution of
foetus.
[6] As per rishi Bhardwaja, mind does not enter the
foetus from outside world. If it were to consider
that mind enter the foetus from other world, then
foetus should remember all the memory of past
brought by that mind and it should remember
everything about the past life. But this does not
happen. Hence, this foetus is neither matrij, pitruj,
aatmaj, satmyaj, rasaj nor mind play any role in its
evolution.
[18]
Rishi Bhardwaja took objection to the theory
proposed by Atreya Punarwasu by saying that – if
it were to consider that foetus is the combination of
all the bhavas like matrij pitruj, rasaj, satmyaj,
satvaj etc then how they combine with each other.
Even if they all combine with each other then how
they get the shape of human body? . One gets birth
as per species. For example, from human being
only humans are born. From animals, only animals
are born. In such situation the earlier said six
bhavas can not be considered as responsible for the
foetus. Because if human give birth to the human
then why the progeny of blind, dwarf, mute, deaf,
insane persons born normal? Why it does not get
handicapped like their parents ?
It is said that Atma know about the vision through
eyes, taste through tongue, hearing through ears,
smell through nose and tough through skin. If it
were to consider that Atma (soul) receives the
sensory information from the sensory organs then
in the absence of sensory organ, how this senseless
Atma will know about the sensory information?
For example if anyone is blind then how the Atma
of that person will come to about the sight ?
To say that Atma watch, hear, listen etc is nothing
but the verbal rhetoric.
[19]
There is reference to Bhardwaj Krit ‘Chitrakadi
leha’ in Vangasen Samhita which can be called as
independent innovation of sage Bhardwaja.
[22]
Observations & Results :
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1. Sage Bhardwaja was chosen as the leader of
all the learned sages to bring the knowledge
of Ayurveda to the earth.
2. Sage Bhardwaja was the first to approach
the God king Indra for taking the
knowledge of Ayurveda.
3. Sage Bhardwaja had given the knowledge
of Ayurveda to the Kashiraj Divodas and
the acharya Punarwasu.
4. Sage Bhardwaja was the biological son of
God’s teacher Brihaspati.
5. He was the adopted son of famous king
Bharata.
6. Kuruvansha had originated from sage
Bhardwaja
Discussion :
Sage Bhardwaja has the credit of bringing medical
science (Ayurveda) from heaven to the earth. Sage
Bhardwaja had taught both to Kashiraj Divodasa
and the acharya Punarwasu. Hence, he is the
pioneer of both school of medicine as well as
surgical school. There is reference to Kumarshira
Bhardwaja also. Whether this Bhardwaj and the
earlier mentioned Bhardwaj who approached Indra
for the knowledge of Ayurveda is same is not
confirm but we feel that they are one and the same
as both are interacting with Punarwasu and other
Ayurvedic acharyas such as Nimi, Kankayan,
Kashiraj etc on different topics at different
occasions.
As per Kumarshira Bhardwaja, there are five rasas
(tastes) and those are of five Mahabhutas like
Bauma, Udaka, Agneya, Vayavya and
Antariksha.
[20]
As per Kumarshira Bhardwaja, during intrauterine
foetal life, head appears first as a organ because it
is the seat of all the sensory motor functions.
[21]
Moreover, the arguments of sage Bardwaja are
included in Charaka Sharirsthana chapter three.
Hence, there is a space to believe that Kumarshira
Bhardwaja and the Bhardwaja who was chosen as
leader t approach the Indra for taking the
knowledge of Ayurveda is the same.
Chitrakadi leha attributed to sage Bhardwaja by
Vangasena seems to be the independent creation of
sage Bhardwaja.
[22]
Summary & Conclusion :
Sage Bhardwaja was the ancient brilliant,
intelligent, scholarly personality like his father
Brihaspati. Sage Bhardwaja is credited with
bringing the medical knowledge (Ayurveda) from
heaven to the earth. He taught surgical knowledge
to the Kashi king Divodasa and medical knowledge
to the Atreya Punarwasu. He was also the legend in
archery and taught it to Agnivesha who in turn
taught it to Mahabharata fame Dronacharya. His
mastery in medical to military knowledge make
him a unique versatile personality with many
virtues.
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